Cybersecurity incorporates technologies, processes and controls, designed to protect systems, networks, and data from cyberattacks. The effective cybersecurity reduces the risks from cyberattacks and protects organizations and people from the use of systems, networks, and technologies without access rights. The elements of cybersecurity include: applications security, information security, network security, recovery after damage/ planning of uninterrupted business processes, operation security, training of end-users.

Augmented reality (AR) is a direct or indirect look into the physical environment of the real world, which elements are “strengthened” by a computer-generated information, ideally by a variety of sensor modalities, including visual, audio, tangible, somatosensory and olfactory ones. The sensory information can be constructive (e.g. accumulating in the nature) or deconstructive (e.g. the masking of the nature). This information can be registered in the physical world so that it could be perceived as an aspect of the real-life environment. Unlike virtual reality, which creates an entirely artificial environment, augmented reality uses an existing environment and adds new information onto it. Augmented reality is largely connected to two synonymous terms: mixed reality and computer-mediated reality.

Big Data represents a collection of data which are so massive and complex that the traditional software for data management is not suitable for handling them. The big challenges when it comes handling data is related to capturing, storing, and analyzing data, as well as searching, sharing, transferring, visualizing, actualizing, and protecting information. Big Data is often characterized with the help of the 3 Vs: Volume, Variety, and Velocity. There are also a couple of newly added features of Big Data, namely Veracity and Value.

Despite the fact that Big Data is not equal to an exact volume of data, the term is often used to describe terabytes, petabytes, and even exabytes of data, stored over time. The amount of data which ate being created and stored globally is beyond imagination and it just keeps growing. This means that the potential for extracting useful statistics from business information will become even bigger – but for now, only a small percentage of data is being analyzed. What does Big Data mean for businesses? How can they benefit from the raw information, which enters their organization every day?

Autonomous robots have the ability to receive information about their surrounding environment and work for a continuous amount of time without human intervention. There are various examples of these robots: from autonomous helicopters to robotized vacuum cleaners. These autonomous robots can move around during operations without human help, at the same time being able to avoid situations which can be damaging to them, to the people around, or to the facility in general. The autonomous robots are also expected to be adaptable to the changing surroundings. The conventional autonomous robots use infrared or ultrasound sensors in order to foresee obstacles, so they can navigate around them without being controlled by humans. The modern robots use a stereo vision to see their environment; their cameras create a strong perception of the surroundings while their software allows them to locate and classify objects along the way in real time.

Applied manufacturing (AM) is related to technologies which build 3D objects through the addition of materials layer by layer, regardless of whether the material is plastic, metal, concrete, or perhaps one day, human tissue.

What is typical for AM technologies is the use of a computer, a software for 3D modelling (Computer Aided Design – CAD), machine equipment and materials for layering. After the CAD sketch is created, the AM equipment reads the data from the CAD file and determines the following layers or adds subsequent layers of liquid, dust, sheet material or another kind of layer, in order to create a 3D object.

Simulation is an imitation of the real-life process or system over time. First and foremost, the act of simulation of any kind requires a model. This model includes the key characteristics, behavior and features of the chosen physical or abstract system or process. The model represents the system itself, while the simulation – the functioning of the system over a period of time.

System Integration (SI) is an IT, engineering process or a stage, related to the coupling of different sub-systems and components into one large system. The integration guarantees that each integrated sub-system functions according to certain requirements. System integration is also used for the addition of values to the system through new functionalities, provided by the connected features of various systems.

The methods of SI are the horizontal, vertical, and “STAR” integrations, as well as the common data format.

Cloud computing is a common term for the delivery of hosting services through the Internet. Cloud computing allows companies to use computer resources, for example a virtual machine, warehouse or an application as a utility – just like electricity – instead of having to build and support an in-house computer infrastructure.

Despite the change that cloud computing services have undergone under time, they can be divided into three categories.: private, public, or hybrid.

The Internet of Things (IoT) is a network of physical devices, vehicles, home appliances and other elements, which possess a built-in electronics, software, sensors, drives and connectivity, which allow these objects to connect and exchange data. Every piece is uniquely identified through its integrated computational system, but it is also able to interact within the existing Internet infrastructure.

Through the Internet of Things, the objects can be recognized or remotely controlled in a network infrastructure, thus creating possibilities for a more direct integration of the physical world into computer-based systems. As a result, higher efficiency, accuracy and economic advantages are derived in addition to the reduced human intervention.